Disclosures of information about ASIO's activities
Fact sheet
Different rules apply in relation to disclosures of information about
activities undertaken by ASIO in carrying out its functions under the
Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Act 1979 (the ASIO
Act).
There are some situations in which it is permissible to disclose information
about ASIO's activities, and some situations in which such disclosures
are illegal. Serious penalties, including prison terms, may apply to unlawful
disclosures of information about ASIO's activities.
Generally
The disclosure of ASIO information by ASIO staff or contractors is regulated
by section 18 of the ASIO Act, and unauthorised disclosure is an offence
punishable by up to 2 years imprisonment.
Special powers
The ASIO Act and other legislation gives the Attorney-General the power
to issue, at the request of the Director-General of Security, warrants
authorising ASIO to use intrusive methods of investigation to assist in
carrying out its functions. These "special powers" warrants
include warrants authorising ASIO to enter and search premises.
While there is no specific provision of the ASIO Act which would make
it an offence for a person to disclose the fact that a special powers
warrant has been applied for, issued or executed, any such disclosure
could constitute an offence against section 70 of the Crimes Act 1914
for Commonwealth officers or section 18 of the ASIO Act.
Generally, where a member of the general public becomes aware that a
warrant under the ASIO Act has been issued or executed, it would not be
an offence under the ASIO Act for the person to disclose or pass on that
information.
Telecommunications (Interception) Act 1979
The Telecommunications (Interception) Act 1979 (the TI Act) gives
the Attorney-General the power to issue telecommunications interception
warrants to ASIO.
It is an offence under the TI Act to communicate intercepted information,
to disclose the fact that a telecommunications interception warrant has
been applied for, issued or has expired, or any information as to the
existence or non-existence of a warrant, or to identify a telecommunications
service or person to which a warrant relates.
Questioning warrants
Under the ASIO Act, the Director-General of Security may, with the consent
of the Attorney-General, request a warrant authorising ASIO to question
a person for the purpose of investigating terrorism. The warrant may authorise
police officers to detain the person in limited circumstances.
Unlike other special powers warrants, these warrants are not issued by
the Attorney-General, but rather by an independent issuing authority (a
Federal Magistrate or a Federal Judge).
There are some specific rules in the ASIO Act regulating disclosures
of information about questioning warrants, and questioning and detention
warrants.
For the 28 day period in which a questioning warrant, or a questioning
and detention warrant, remains in force - It is an offence punishable
by a maximum of 5 years imprisonment for any person to disclose, without
permission (see below) the fact that the questioning warrant, or questioning
and detention warrant, has been issued, or any fact relating to the content
of the warrant or to the questioning or detention of a person in connection
with the warrant, or any operational information.
For the period of 2 years after the expiry of a questioning warrant,
or a questioning and detention warrant - It is an offence, also punishable
by a maximum of 5 years imprisonment, for any person to disclose, without
permission (see below) operational information.
In either case, operational information means information ASIO has or
had, a source of information, or an operational capability, method or
plan of ASIO, where the information has been obtained as a direct or indirect
result of the issue of the warrant, or the doing of any thing authorised
by or in connection with the warrant.
The ASIO Act authorises information to be disclosed in certain circumstances,
for example where a person needs to seek legal advice in relation to a
warrant. The ASIO Act gives the Attorney-General, the Director-General
of Security and certain others the power to permit a person to disclose
information.
These secrecy provisions apply only to questioning warrants, and
do not apply to "special powers" warrants (such as search
warrants).
Note: This fact sheet provides a summary of the relevant provisions of
the ASIO Act. To understand the precise legal effect of these provisions,
see Part III Division 3 of the ASIO Act.
1 July 2005